Asphalt concrete consists of aggregate particles coated with asphalt binder as illustrated in figure 2. When a lowtemperature ductility test is desired, the test should be run at a temperature of 39. Release the needle for five seconds and measure the distance penetrated. Laboratory determination of thermal properties of asphalt. Asphalt testing, reporting and design aet delivers sophisticated asphalt testing services including reporting and asphalt pavement design for roadway or parking lot construction.
It composes 87% carbon, 11% hydrogen and 2% oxygen by weight. Cr itical problems with using the asphalt ductility test as a performance index fo r modified binder s revi sed versio n sub mi ssi on date. Resistance of compacted asphalt mixtures to moistureinduced damage aashto t 283 glossary tensile strength a measure of the force required to pull apart a material. The test is conducted using rectangular bars of mix, which are cut from either field cores or gyratorycompacted hma specimens with a diamondtipped saw. Apparatus required, theory, procedure, precautions, observations, reporting and recommended values of bitumen ductility is. If the level of compaction and vma criteria are met with the design. Thermal imaging cameras detect and display exact temperature, thermal gradients, heat patterns and other values in a range of paving and construction applications. History of asphalt grading systems 3 bowen of barber asphalt co.
This unit is computed by determining the mass of an emulsified asphalt contained in a standard measure of known volume. To measure the ductility of a given bitumen sample. Investigation of low temperature cracking in asphalt pavements. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Various laboratory tests on bitumen is conducted to check quality and different properties of bitumen for pavement construction. History of asphalt grading systems 12 astm d 3381 viscosity graded asphalt cements table 2 test viscosity grade ac2.
Core drilling and sawing equipment is used in preparing asphalt cores for laboratory testing. Research from westrack, nchrp 97 field procedures and equipment to implement shrp asphalt specifications, and other experimental construction projects have shown that the. Figure 3 relation between ductility engineering strain at failure. The test is a working document, continuous refinement to the test method may be expected. Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be made at a temperature of 25 0. The ductility test is measure of cohesiveness and elasticity of the bitumen. Standard method for preparing and determining the density of hot mix asphalt hma specimens by means of the shrp gyratory compactor aashto t 312 glossary corrected relative density % g mmx the density of a specimen determined at x number of gyrations and expressed as a percentage of the maximum theoretical specific. Fhwa published a detailed report describing the experimental design and rutting behavior of the mixes placed on the alf site 12. A hotmix asphalt hma mixture performance test has been developed using a constant stress dynamic shear rheometer. It is generally considered that an asphalt with a very low ductility will have poor adhesive properties and thus poor performance in service. This report has been produced by the transport research. Split tensile test asreceived visual strip rating obtain sample dry weight slow dry back by aashto t166 rebag sample for possible future testing 3 minute saturation.
To determine the suitability of bitumen for its use in road construction apparatus. Three specimens are selected as a control and tested without moisture conditioning, and three more. C ore drilling machines, asphalt diamond coring bits and expander sets for openhead asphalt coring bits are used in drilling asphalt cores and meet astm and aashto standards. Evaluation of indirect tensile test idt procedures for lowtemperature performance of hotmix asphalt evaluates the use of the indirect tensile creep and strength test procedures in american association of state highway and transportation officials standard method of test t32203 in. Interpret test results to predict ultimate performance of asphalt mixtures.
The material retained on the filter is then dried and weighed, and used to calculate the bitumen content as a percentage of the. A must have excellent book for all those involved in asphalt specification and testing. Protect the sample from dust and allow it to cool in atmosphere at a temperature between 15 to 30 0c for 112 to 2hours for 45mm deep container and 1 to 112 hours for 35mm deep container. Laboratory, underas part of a contract placed by the. Core drilling of hot mix asphalt hma for specimens of 4. Specimen preparation two densegraded asphalt mixtures, designated wi and w3 and shown with their respective mix compositions in table l, were. Evaluation of bond strength between pavement layers randy c.
New simple performance tests for asphalt mixes transportation. Core drilling of hot mix asphalt hma for specimens of 4 or. Evaluation of indirect tensile test idt procedures for lowtemperature performance of hotmix asphalt evaluates the use of the indirect tensile creep and strength test procedures in american association of state highway and transportation officials standard method of test t32203 in mixture and structural design. Exp 11 ductility test on asphalt civil engineers pk. The research method used a florida bond test fixture along with a marshall hot mix asphalt load frame to evaluate tack bond shear strength and deformation. The ductility of a bituminous material is defined as the distance in centimeters, to which it will elongate before breaking when two ends of a briquet specimen of the material, are pulled apart at a specified speed and a specified. Ductility defined as the distance in cm, to which a standard sample or briquette of the material will be elongated without breaking. This book is an essential addition to your asphalt bookshelf. Standard method for preparing and determining the density of hot mix asphalt hma specimens by means of the shrp gyratory compactor aashto t 312 glossary corrected relative density % g mmx the density of a specimen determined at x number of gyrations and expressed as a percentage of the maximum theoretical specific gravity of the.
Defintion the ductility of bituminous material is the distance in centimeters to which it will elongate before breaking when a briquette specimen of the materials is pulled at a specified speed and at specified temperature. Standard test method for ductility of asphalt materials. Aashto t240 effect of heat and air on a moving film of asphalt rolling thin film oven test aashto tp193 test method for determining the flexural creep stiffness of asphalt binder using the bending beam rheometer bbr aashto tp393 test method for determining the fracture properties of asphalt binder in direct tension dt. Evaluation of the laboratory asphalt stability test. Nado rinchen dhendup tashi pemba tshering rigesh lama rohit adhikari. Determination of the permeability of hot mix asphalt. Pavement testing equipment asphalt quality test gilson co. Pdf despite the adaptation of advanced binder rheology characterization methods by many agencies, the asphalt ductility test is still under use in. D 186related theory ductility test on asphalt, ductility. Tests applied on bitumen procedure of tests on asphalt. Test method d36, or to more than 90c above it for petroleum asphalt bitumen. Various lab tests on bitumen for pavement construction. Ductility of bitumen is its property to elongate under traffic load without getting cracked in road construction works.
The testing was performed on highperformance bituminous mixtures, including polymer modified basebinder and wearing course asphalt concretes, stone mastic asphalt and porous asphalt. Laboratory performance test for asphalt concrete mndot. Feb 20, 2009 video portraying aashto t, determining density by means of the superpave gyratory compactor test, done by specialized engineering. Ductility test on asphalt the ductility test astm d1 measures the distance a standard asphalt sample will stretch without breaking under a standard testing condition 5 cmmin at 25 c. Standard test method for determining density of emulsified. Spa asphalt production plant in pontecchio marconi. People in many positions, from agency owners of highways, to those in business having their parking lot paved, look to asphalt test reports for information regarding the quality of the material they have purchased.
Critical problems with using the asphalt ductility test as a. Federal highway administration fhwa was assigned the responsibility for evaluating the last device. Pdf critical problems with using the asphalt ductility. Bitumen is binder of pavement construction, which binds from ductility thin films around the aggregates. Standard test method for penetration of bituminous materials. Make at least three determinations at points on the surface of the sample not less than 10mm apart and not less than 10mm from the side of the dish. The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. In the standard test for bitumen content astm d4, a small sample of about 2 g of the asphalt is dissolved in 100 ml of carbon disulfide and the solution is filtered through a filtering mat in a filtering crucible. Modulus of bituminous mixes determined by the indirect tensile test, conducted according to the en 1269726, annex c and the astm d 4123 standards. Chapter 2 findings evaluation of indirect tensile test.
A needle is allowed to bear on the surface of the asphalt cement for 5 seconds. Determine ductility of bitumen and its suitability for. Slippage failure figure 1, often occurring at locations where traffic accelerates. These test methods do not have to be perfect but they should be available in the immediate future for assuring good mix performance. Asphalt materials and paving mixtures asphalt materials. Synthesis of performance testing of asphalt concrete mndot. Chapter 4 vii materials notebook materials materials. Advanced asphalt technologies, llc engineering services for the asphalt industry fracture energy standardization diskshaped compact tension astm d73, standard test method for determining fracture energy of asphaltaggregate mixtures using the diskshaped compact tension geometry indirect tension draft, but no aashto or astm. Module f lesson 6 performance tests for asphalt mixtures. The asphalt ductility test, as currently carried out in accordance to the astm d17 specification 1, is a measure of the ultimate elongation of an asphalt binder sample at a constant rate and. Critical problems with using the asphalt ductility test as. When the material is subjected to compression, compressive strength is developed because of the resistance to the shear stresses of both the aggregate interlock and the stiffness of the asphalt binder. Determine ductility of bitumen and its suitability for road.
The harmonised european standard test methods for asphalt. To perform ductility test on bitumen civil engineering. First, asphalt test, ductility test on bitumen tester introduction asphalt ductility tester is commonly used petroleum testing equipment. Pdf critical problems with using the asphalt ductility test as a. In testing, a container of asphalt cement is heated to the standard test temperature, 25 o c, in a temperature controlled water bath. We utilize our inhouse laboratory and an experienced team dedicated to this core specialty. Bitumen is a black or brown mixture of hydrocarbons obtained by partial distillation of crude petroleum.
Apparatus required, theory, procedure, precautions, observations, reporting and recommended values of bitumen ductility is discussed in this article. Water will cause the binder to not adhere to the aggregate. Scope hma made from certain materials may be sensitive to the presence of water in the finished pavement. Core drilling of hot mix asphalt hma for specimens of 4 or 6 diameter.
Ductility is the property of bitumen that permits it to undergo great deformation or elongation. Specimens were obtained from state, county and city paving projects from around minnesota. Aashto t 283 is a test method that can be used to determine if the materials may be subject to stripping and also to measure the effectiveness of additives. When higher revolutions are requested, use nini 8, ndes 100, nmax 160. Laboratory asphalt permeameters measure hydraulic conductivity of saturated 4in and 6in diameter asphalt cores and laboratory compacted samples. Asphalt mixtures, performance tests, cracking, fracture mechanics, diskshaped compact. Indirect tensile test for the determination of the stiffness. Heat samples for the minimum time necessary to ensure that they are sufficiently. The bars are nominally 50mm long, 12mm wide, and 10mm thick. Consistency of a bituminous material expressed as the distance in tenths of a millimeter that a standard needle vertically penetrates a sample of the material under known conditions of loading, time, and. Investigation of low temperature cracking in asphalt.
Exp 8 penetration test of bitumen civil engineers pk. Indirect tensile test for the determination of the. West, jingna zhang, and jason moore introduction poor bond between two layers of hot mix asphalt hma is the cause of many pavement problems. Higher values of penetration indicate softer consistency. To obtain the ductility value of bituminous sample. Superpave asphalt mix design process is presented in chapter 2. Based on this test, asphalt cements have been classified into standard grades.
Standard test method for penetration of bituminous materials1. The laboratory asphalt stability test last was proposed by the researchers of the national cooperative highway research program nchrp 910 program as a possible new method to evaluate the storage stability of modified aspha lts. D1754 test method for effects of heat andair onasphaltic materials thinfilm oven test d2042 test method for solubility of asphalt materials in trichloroethylene 3. Cores are retrieved using tongs or extractors, while masonry saws trim the specimen to testing size. Ductility test on bitumen measures the distance in centimeters to which it elongates before breaking. Aashto test, determining density of hot mix asphalt youtube. The test is performed by compacting specimens to an air void level of six to eight percent. The instrument is based on the prc standard gb t 4508 asphalt ductility test, peoples republic of industry standard jtg e202011 road asphalt and asphalt testing procedures in the t 0605.
Trbs national cooperative highway research program nchrp report 530. Materials sealant, suitable for the provision of a watertight seal between the baseplate and the pavement surface. Tensile versus compressive moduli of asphalt concrete. This test method describes a procedure for determining the density of asphalt mixtures by means of a nuclear gauge using the backscatter method in accordance with aashto t 35515. Dimension of the briquette thus formed is exactly 1 cm square. Despite the adaptation of advanced binder rheology characterization methods by many agencies, the asphalt ductility test is still under use in some specifications in. The laboratory test results indicate that use of rediset warmmix asphalt additive assessed in this study, produced and compacted at lower temperatures, does not significantly influence the performance of the asphalt concrete when compared to control specimens produced and compacted at conventional hotmix asphalt temperatures.
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